The Capitals of the 50 U.S. States

The following is a complete list of the state capitals of the fifty United States. The state capital in each state is the political center of the state and is the location of the state legislature, government, and governor of the state. In many states, the state capital is not the largest city in terms of population. For example, in California, the most populous state of the United States, the state capital of Sacramento is the fourth largest metropolitan area in the state (the three largest are Los Angeles, San Francisco, and San Diego.) The data below are from the United States Census Bureau. State Capitals Alabama - Montgomery Population: 200,602 (2015 estimate)Education: 31.4% have a bachelors degreeMedian Household Income: $43,535 Alaska - Juneau Population: 32,756  (2015 estimate)Education: 37.8% have a bachelors degreeMedian Household Income: $84,750 Arizona - Phoenix Population: 1,563,025  (2015 estimate)Education: 26.5% have a bachelors degreeMedian Household Income: $46,881 Arkansas - Little Rock Population:  197,992 (2015 estimate)Education: 38.5% have a bachelors degreeMedian Household Income: $46,409 California - Sacramento Population:  490,712(2015 estimate)Education: 29.3% have a bachelors degreeMedian Household Income: $50,013 Colorado - Denver Population: 682,545  (2015 estimate)Education: 43.7% have a bachelors degreeMedian Household Income: $51,800 Connecticut - Hartford Population: 124,006  (2015 estimate)Education:  15% have a bachelors degreeMedian Household Income: $29,313 Delaware - Dover Population: 37,522  (2015 estimate)Education: 28.4% have a bachelors degree   Florida - Tallahassee Population:  190,894  (2015 estimate)Education:  47.6% have a bachelors degreeMedian Household Income: $45,660 Georgia - Atlanta Population: 463,878  (2015 estimate)Education: 47.1% have a bachelors degreeMedian Household Income: $46,439 Hawaii - Honolulu Population: 998,714  (Honolulu County, 2015 estimate)Education: 32.5% have a bachelors degreeMedian Household Income: $73,581 Idaho - Boise Population: 218,281  (2015 estimate)Education: 39.1% have a bachelors degreeMedian Household Income: $49,209 Illinois - Springfield Population: 116,565  (2015 estimate)Education: 34.9% have a bachelors degreeMedian Household Income: $48,848 Indiana - Indianapolis Population: 853,173  (2015 estimate)Education: 27.6% have a bachelors degreeMedian Household Income: $42,076 Iowa - Des Moines Population: 210,330  (2015 estimate)Education: 24.7% have a bachelors degreeMedian Household Income: $46,430 Kansas - Topeka Population:  127,265  (2015 estimate)Education: 27.5% have a bachelors degreeMedian Household Income: $41,412 Kentucky - Frankfort Population: 27,830  Ã‚  (2015 estimate)Education: 25.5% have a bachelors degreeMedian Household Income: $40,622 Louisiana - Baton Rouge Population: 228,590  (2015 estimate)Education: 32.7% have a bachelors degreeMedian Household Income: $38,790 Maine - Augusta Population: 18,471  (2015 estimate)Education: 23.2% have a bachelors degreeMedian Household Income: $38,263 Maryland - Annapolis Population: 39,474  (2015 estimate)Education: 45.7% have a bachelors degreeMedian Household Income: $75,320 Massachusetts - Boston Population: 667,137  (2015 estimate)Education:  44.6% have a bachelors degreeMedian Household Income: $54,485 Michigan - Lansing Population: 115,056  (2015 estimate)Education: 25.1% have a bachelors degreeMedian Household Income: $35,675 Minnesota - St. Paul Population: 300,851(2015 estimate)Education: 38.6% have a bachelors degreeMedian Household Income: $48,258 Mississippi - Jackson Population:  170,674  (2015 estimate)Education: 26% have a bachelors degreeMedian Household Income: $33,080 Missouri - Jefferson City Population: 43,168  (2015 estimate)Education: 33.2% have a bachelors degreeMedian Household Income: $47,901 Montana - Helena Population: 30,581  (2015 estimate)Education: 44.8% have a bachelors degreeMedian Household Income: $50,311 Nebraska - Lincoln Population: 277,348  (2015 estimate)Education: 36.2% have a bachelors degreeMedian Household Income: $49,794 Nevada - Carson City Population: 54,521  (2015 estimate)Education: 20.4% have a bachelors degreeMedian Household Income: $50,108 New Hampshire - Concord Population:  42,620  (2015 estimate)Education: 35% have a bachelors degreeMedian Household Income: $54,182 New Jersey - Trenton Population: 84,225  (2015 estimate)Education: 10.7% have a bachelors degreeMedian Household Income: $35,647 New Mexico - Santa Fe Population: 84,099  (2015 estimate)Education:  44% have a bachelors degreeMedian Household Income: $50,213 New York - Albany Population: 98,469  Ã‚  (2015 estimate)Education: 36.3% have a bachelors degreeMedian Household Income: $41,099 North Carolina - Raleigh Population: 451,066  (2015 estimate)Education: 47.6% have a bachelors degreeMedian Household Income: $54,581 North Dakota - Bismarck Population: 71,167  (2015 estimate)Education: 34% have a bachelors degreeMedian Household Income: $57,660 Ohio - Columbus Population: 850,106  (2015 estimate)Education:  33.4% have a bachelors degreeMedian Household Income: $44,774 Oklahoma - Oklahoma City Population: 631,346  (2015 estimate)Education: 28.5% have a bachelors degreeMedian Household Income: $47,004 Oregon - Salem Population:  164,549 (2015 estimate)Education: 26.9% have a bachelors degreeMedian Household Income: $46,273 Pennsylvania - Harrisburg Population:  49,081(2015 estimate)Education:  18.4% have a bachelors degreeMedian Household Income: $32,476 Rhode Island - Providence Population:  179,207  (2015 estimate)Education: 28.6% have a bachelors degreeMedian Household Income: $37,514 South Carolina - Columbia Population: 133,803  (2015 estimate)Education: 40.1% have a bachelors degreeMedian Household Income: $41,454 South Dakota - Pierre Population: 14,002  (2015 estimate)Education: 33.2% have a bachelors degreeMedian Household Income: $52,961 Tennessee - Nashville Population:  654,610  (Nashville-Davidson balance, 2015 estimate)Education: 35.8% have a bachelors degreeMedian Household Income: $46,758 Texas - Austin Population: 931,830  (2015 estimate)Education: 46% have a bachelors degreeMedian Household Income: $55,216 Utah - Salt Lake City Population:  192,672 (2015 estimate)Education: 42.1% have a bachelors degreeMedian Household Income: $45,833 Vermont - Montpelier Population:  7,592  (2015 estimate)Education: 52.5% have a bachelors degreeMedian Household Income: $60,676 Virginia - Richmond Population: 220,289  (2015 estimate)Education:  35.4% have a bachelors degreeMedian Household Income: $41,331 Washington - Olympia Population: 50,302  (2015 estimate)Education: 43.4% have a bachelors degreeMedian Household Income: $52,834 West Virginia - Charleston Population: 49,736  (2015 estimate)Education: 39.3% have a bachelors degreeMedian Household Income: $48,959 Wisconsin - Madison Population: 248,951  (2015 estimate)Education: 55% have a bachelors degreeMedian Household Income: $53,933 Wyoming - Cheyenne Population:  63,335 (2015 estimate)Education: 27.7% have a bachelors degreeMedian Household Income: $54,845 Edited by Allen Grove.

Kafkas The Metamorphosis Societal Normality Versus The...

Societal Normality versus the Individual â€Å"Conformity is the jailer of freedom and the enemy of growth.† Although perhaps a trivial interpretation of the role of conformity, John F. Kennedy captures the essence of Kafka’s The Metamorphosis by identifying the principle struggle faced by Gregor as he experiences life following his inexplicable transformation â€Å"into a horrible vermin.†(1) The Metamorphosis explores the existential dichotomy between the societal pressure of conformity and the individuals drive for meaning, the resulting message being the necessity of societal rejection in achieving true existentialism. Viewing the The Metamorphosis as an examination of motivation for meaning contrasted with the pressure of societal conformity†¦show more content†¦This dichotomy is present within Gregor’s internal monologue regarding his job, â€Å" If he succeeded in falling out of bed in this way and kept his head raised as he did so he could probably avoid injuring it. His back seemed to be quite hard, and probably nothing would happen to it falling onto the carpet. His main concern was for the loud noise he was bound to make, and which even through all the doors would probably raise concern if not alarm.† The directly adjacent placement of Gregors worry that he may physically injure himself to his ‘main concern’ of raising alarm shows the depth of his commitment to his society; even when it comes at the cost of his own well being. The beginning of the text’s incessant references to Gregor’s employment, and more importantly Gregor’s interna l need to fulfil his position as a worker is pinnacle to the concept of external factors impacting Gregor’s existential journey throughout the text. Although work is immediately presented as the exterior factor pushing Gregor into the system, the majority of the book is characterized by Gregor’s relationship with his family-- and their individual role in forcing Gregor to stay within the norms of society. Even in the context of Gregor’s employment, his work itself can be seen as an extension of his familial pressure to operate within his societal role. The necessity of money, and it’s direct relation to his family was described

The Detention of Boat People and Policy Review †Free Solution

Questions: A scoping document for your policy proposal. In this proposal, you are required to describe the policy problem and field, and argue the case for why this is an important issue requiring policy reform. Specifically, you should: Describe the issue or problem requiring remedy. Justify why a policy initiative is necessary/appropriate, particularly in terms of the impact on low income and/or disadvantaged people. Identify which level of Government and Government Department is appropriate to approach. Identify the key players (both inside and outside of government). Briefly outline what solution you consider appropriate. Indicate the level of resources you think will be required. Anticipate what objections are likely to be raised about the policy proposal and by which players. Answers: Policy Review: The Detention of Boat People The policy under review here is The Detention of Boat People. This compulsory detention policy undertaken by the government of Australia in the year 1992 had come into force in the year 1994(Aph.gov.au, 2015). This policy was primarily taken as a result of the increasing number of illegal arrivals of boats that has been prevalent in the last few years. After the policy came into force a number of people are retained under this policy. The significant issues in the case Recently, there has been an increase in the number of detentions of the illegal boats in the last couple of years and this has led to a number of controversies. There have been alleged suicides, break of riots, allegation of child abuses and the finger has been pointed towards these detention centers and the level of care and management in these centers. The legality of these detentions has been under scrutiny and reports have suggested that nearly ninety percent of the people who were detained are later found to be legal refugees. Campaigns in this regard have come up which criticize this detention policy of the government and have suggested that more humane policies should be adopted by the government that is prevalent in the other countries with respect to the asylum seekers (McKay, Thomas and Warwick Blood, 2011). The government however states that the basic reason behind the detention of the boat people in Australia is that lately there has been an increase in the number of illegal boats arriving in Australia and hence in order to maintain the integrity of the migration programs this policy is essential (Poynder, 1997). However, most people criticize this policy and state that the policy is immensely discriminative and the severity of the policy leads to distress and makes them suffer more as a result of which it becomes difficult to incorporate themselves into the community later on (Neilson, 1996) A policy initiative is appropriate The broad coastline of Australia tends to increase the chances of movement of the illegal people and for a number of years such illegal movements have been occurring in the country. Gradually the more specific groups have been arriving and the increasing number of these groups led to term boat people being coined (Aph.gov.au, 2015). In the last few decades there have been a large number of positive changes in the detention policies and practices that has been undertaken by the government. The compulsory policy regime regarding detention in Australia tends to identify the improved migration system and culture and also the racist tendencies that are related to this policy. The government states that the claims made by the campaigners that the detention of the boat people leading to cruel and evil treatment and conditions in these detention centers, are mostly exaggerated and recently they claim that the detentions have lowered and can be considered as a feasible option. The primary policy detention which made the detention regime in Australia was that the detention policy would be compulsory for all the unlawful non citizens in Australia (Poynder, 1997) (Millbank, 2001). The policy would be such that all the non citizens who have arrived unlawfully would be detained in the country and only if they obtain legal permission to stay in Australia would retain there or would be removed immediately. Primarily this detention policy was transformed into legislation and named as the Migration Reform Act 1992. In this statute all the relevant procedures for the initial decisions were given (Healey, 2013). It clearly mentions the status of these people arriving in Australia as to whether they are lawful citizens or not and according the detention policy would be applied (Procter, De Leo and Newman, 2013). The enactment came into force in September 1994 and regulations relating to release of detainees on compassionate grounds were also enacted. However, it was observed that in practice there has been very few who have been released. Level of Government and Government Department appropriate to approach Generally it is the Department of Immigration that is concerned with the detention of the non citizens who have arrived unlawfully. In recent times there has been a number of up gradation in the detention and security arrangements and as a result there have been a number of detention centers that have concerned with illegal detainees. The six detention centers are Villawood Immigration Detention Centre situated in Sydney, Maribyrnong IDC situated in Melbourne, Perth IDC situated in Perth, the Immigration Reception and Processing Centre in West Australia and Woomera IRPC in South Australia. Among all these detention centers it is Woomera that has the reputation of being the most infamous. Other than these six detention centers the government is looking forward to establish some more detention centers. The key players One of the significant players in this regard would be the United Nations and the related international instruments. These instruments place a lot of stress on human rights issues. There exist a number of treaties, conventions, declarations, principles guidelines and regulations relating to issues pertaining to human rights. Among these there are some instruments that are binding on Australia. Some of the relevant instruments relating to human rights are the Convention on the Rights of the Child, International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the Declaration on the Elimination of All forms of Intolerance and Discrimination on Religion and Belief and the Convention on the Elimination of All forms of Discrimination against Women. Australia is not bound by all the international instruments. However, the instruments which the country has ratified will be binding on Australia and the laws made should not be contrary to those instruments. Hence Australia cannot make any such laws that against the international human rights detention policies. With regard to the internal factors the detention policies in the country is covered by the Migration Reform Act 1992. It provides that the detention policy for the non-citizens have been made by the government keeping in mind the human rights issues of the country. Solution This particular regime on the detention of the Boat people tends to identify a very improved migration system. It is true that there is a lot of place for improving the detention policy so as to remove the present problem areas that exist as a result of this policy. Yet it can be said that this policy is well acquainted as compared to the international standards and regulations. But the number of boat people in detention has still been increasing and campaigns for cruel treatment to these boat people are also doing the rounds very often. There has also been news of thousands of people being in outback camps were also heard. Most of the commentators have stated that the only way out possible would be to curb the illegal asylum seekers that is continuously flowing from the western countries (Probyn, 2014). The Refugee Convention 1951 had legitimized the movement of refugees from various countries. The Australian Government like any other western country is in an attempt to balance the requirements and the demands so as to meet the obligations provided by the International Convention. The government has been lately also trying to discourage the arrival of the illegal boats and goods of smuggling. If the root cause of the problem that is the arrival of the illegal boats can be curbed then the question of detention and atrocities towards the detention also does not arise. It must be kept in mind that Australia has to maintain the image of a civilized and independent society. References Aph.gov.au, (2015).Boat arrivals in Australia since 1976 Parliament of Australia. [online] Available at: https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/pubs/rp/rp1314/BoatArrivals [Accessed 24 Mar. 2015]. Aph.gov.au, (2015).The Detention of Boat People Parliament of Australia. [online] Available at: https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/Publications_Archive/CIB/cib0001/01CIB08#upto [Accessed 24 Mar. 2015]. Healey, J. (2013).Asylum seekers and immigration detention. Thirroul, N.S.W.: Spinney Press. McKay, F., Thomas, S. and Warwick Blood, R. (2011). 'Any one of these boat people could be a terrorist for all we know!' Media representations and public perceptions of 'boat people' arrivals in Australia.Journalism, 12(5), pp.607-626. Millbank, A. (2001).The detention of boat people. [Canberra]: Dept. of the Parliamentary Library. Neilson, B. (1996). Threshold Procedures: Boat People in South Florida and Western Australia.Critical Arts, 10(2), pp.21-40. Poynder, N. (1997). The Incommunicado Detention of Boat People: A Recent Development in Australias Refugee Policy.Australian Journal of Human Rights, 3(2). Probyn, A. (2014). [online] Available at: https://au.news.yahoo.com/thewest/a/24570477/boat-people-detention-illegal/ [Accessed 24 Mar. 2015]. Procter, N., De Leo, D. and Newman, L. (2013). Suicide and self-harm prevention for people in immigration detention.The Medical Journal of Australia, 199(11), pp.730-732.

The Novel, Raney, Wrote By Clyde Edgergton Took Place In Listre, North

The novel, Raney, wrote by Clyde Edgergton took place in Listre, North Carolina around the mid- 70's. Raney is a novel about a Southern marriage between two totally different people. Throughout this novel one must look out for uncontrollable laughter as the two main characters, Raney and Charles, try to prove their points to one another. The three main characters of this novel are only two physical characters, but portray three separate personalities. The three personalities come from Raney at the beginning, Charles throughout the novel, and Raney at the end of the story. To begin with, you have Raney at the beginning of the novel. She is a small town girl who was very sheltered by her family growing up. Raney had only been out of Bethel once or twice her whole life. She has no desire to learn new things unless it's coming from her parents. Throughout the novel Raney expects Charles to drop all of his ideas and do things her way. For example, when Charles' mom comes up from Atlanta and wants them to try an Episcopal Church and Raney did not want to go. (64) In Raney's eyes the Free Will Baptist Church is and will be the only church. Another issue Raney had a problem with is racism. The only way Raney had ever viewed black people was through her family's eyes in which they were considered niggers. This became a problem between her and Charles when she discovered one of his best friends from the service was a colored man named Johnny. When she realized this, there was no way Johnny was staying in her house. In Raney's head she has a picture of the way t hings are suppose to be and if they aren't, they are considered wrong. One example, is on their honeymoon she expects things to be the way her mom had told her. (20) Charles had already messed up when the bottle of champagne was wheeled in. Then things were suppose to be just like her mom had said, " go change into negligee, get in the bed, and let Charles carry out his duties". (22) Raney should have discussed her honeymoon with Charles rather than her mom since it was their night. Raney also has a problem with Charles drinking or for that matter, anyone. Her Uncle Nate is an alcoholic, but he always has been so she just lives with it. (11) As you can see, Raney's character at the beginning has a great influence on the issues described. Next, we can look at the characterization of Charles throughout the novel. For one, Charles bases a lot of his ideas about life in philosophy rather than on family values. He was also raised in Atlanta, which is large city compared to Listre and Bethel. These aspects of him allow him to want to try new things and experience things out of the ordinary, whereas Raney is quiet content. Charles' friend Johnny is a great example of this. Charles has traveled and seen different places, and has learned to accept different races as he would anyone else. (31) His best friend happens to be a black man and he doesn't see anything wrong with it. Charles also has a respect for privacy and doesn't appreciate anyone else in his business. An example of this would be when Charles got mad at Raney's mom for entering their house when no one was home. (26,27) He also shows a bit of favoritism between the two moms. He doesn't even want Raney's mom in the house if they aren't home, but yet he wants Raney to give up her own bedroom for his mom. (64) Throughout the novel Charles keeps things hidden from Raney. For example, when Raney looked at the gas bill Charles told her it was none of her business. (28) Also, Raney learned that Charles hid his drinking and his magazine collection from her. (212) Another thing about Charles is that he doesn't mind going for outside opinions and suggestions. Charles was the one who set up the visits to the marriage counselor. (160) You can see how Charles' character would conflict with Raney. Finally, towards the end of the story you

Endangered Species Issue in the United States

Into the Wild - Letter to Ronald France essays

Into the Wild - Letter to Ronald France essays Dear Ronald France, I am a student of Kingsborough Community College from Brooklyn, NY. Our class has read the book Into The Wild and many of us enjoyed it. Christopher McCandless really seemed like a hell of a guy. Although I have never met Chris, I totally understand his mentality and of all the people I think you would be very interested of what I have to say. All people develop differently and have different approaches to certain circumstances. Some people might view Chriss adventure as being crazy only because they themselves have never reaches the level of self-understanding. I believe there are three most important development stages of a man. First stage is from ten to thirteen; a man begins to understand very basic structures and realities, which were never before seen in his eyes. Second stage starts around the age of seventeen, a man begins to see more complex life patterns and understanding of loss, gain and mixed messages. The third stage begins in the middle fortys, this is the last and probably hardest stage of all, this is when a man feels life like hes own five fingers. Chriss development stages of a man evolved unbelievably faster then of his peers. After college, Chris wanted to feel the world but because of his lack of experience, he could not pass through this stage. The decision Chris made was very well thought-out and reasonable to fulfill his need. When I look at Chriss photograph I see a simple man smiling into the camera saying that he is not trying to be some special superhero but just learn to understand his emotions. He looks into the world with simplicity, which is actually a huge step in life. This is the reason Chris reached so many people, even though it was not his intention. Hes eyes tell us that hes belief gives him the strength to go on. Although Chris looks very thin, he has more strength then any regular city man does. ...

Critical Thinking envi 423 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Critical Thinking envi 423 2 - Essay Example on the continent of Asia but has strong cultural and geographical ties with many parts of North Africa with aspects such as religion and language getting assimilated by them as a result. In ancient times the Middle East connected major trade routes between Asia and Europe through both land and seas. Caravans from India and China brought their goods to the busy markets of the Middle East for trading purposes. From there, the traders ferried the goods across the Mediterranean and into Europe to venture into other new markets. Other routes took traders across the red sea or down the coast of Africa with some traders penetrating further into the hinterlands. These bands of migrating people made up of traders and even conquerors, acted as agents of change in that they spread new and foreign ideas, religious traditions, inventions and different forms of achievements into the nations of Europe, Asia, and ultimately Africa. This movement of ideas, and or customs from one place to another con tributed to cultural diffusion (Arab Contributions to civilization). The Middle East is home to many different peoples with a variety of languages, religions and traditions. But Arabs whose major language is Arabic are the majority group in the Middle Eastern countries, but the Middle East is also home to other groups such as the Iranians, the Turks, and the Kurds. The major religions dominant in the region include Islam which is the leading religion by number of devout followers, followed by Christianity that also boosts of a substantial following, and lastly but not least Judaism. These are people who were born and raised in the desert or mountain wilderness and lived in tents or caves. They engaged in raising goats, sheep, donkeys, horses and camels. Bedouins consider the desert as their home, travelling in small bands or groups. Interestingly, the Bedouin are still living today as they have been living for thousands of years back, travelling from one oasis to another in their

South Africa Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

South Africa - Essay Example Hugh Masekela was an icon of Black music. Besides â€Å"Grazin in the Grass† which was a massive hit in the 60’s, he gave us an equally popular song called â€Å"Stimela† which he recorded over and over again and hence had six different versions. Hugh drew his inspiration from South Africa which was his home town. In Hugh’s own words, â€Å"I owe an endless debt to the people of South Africa and all those other African communities all over the world that I have accessed, and lived with and learned their music. He has traveled the world over and carries with him the message of hope and deep belief in the healing power of music. He speaks passionately when he mentions time and again the very hard labor done by the poor so that we could â€Å"look, smell and feel the way we want to†.(Hugh Masekela, â€Å"Stimela†, 1993) Though Hugh Masekela’s â€Å"Stimela† is a wonderful piece of work in which he brings out glaringly the life and suffering of the African people working in the mines, yet I would rather choose the simple and descriptive narrative of Anthony Trollope’s â€Å"The Diamond Fields of South Africa, 1870. The reason for this, being that it is for a History class and children are able to relate to it better when facts are in the form of a narrative. Moreover, Anthony Trollope has laid down the facts in chronological order using simple language which makes it easy for children to remember these facts. On the other hand, though Hugh Masekela’s â€Å"Stimela† is worth listening to over and over again for its sheer listening pleasure, yet it would not be too suitable or appropriate to be used in a History class for the fact not everyone can learn facts from music because music is used more for pleasure than for learning hard facts. Another reason I would choose the narrative instead of the song would be that it has the facts in chronological order which is so important for a History class, where as

Robotic Surgery Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Robotic Surgery - Assignment Example The robot equals the doctors’ movement in performing the procedures using small instruments. Incorporation of progressed human resource in hospitals has created a big impact in resource utilization in the economic sectors (Gharagozloo, & Najam, 2009). If hospitals can implement better human resource strategies that provide better working conditions for workers, it will create an improvement of patient care through streamlined processes, minimized medical errors and reduced duplication. Medical errors such as performing wrong surgery and administering wrong dosage could be easily avoided if computerized providers order systems are used (Satava, & Network for Continuing Medical Education, 2001). Human Resources accustom fresh employees to the working environment through various ways. The most fundamental way of introducing a new employee in the Surgery section is complete orientation program. According to Stock & Lanteri, (2008), Orientation enables new employees to engage in commitments so as to achieve success. This also enables them to understand basic expectations, Hospital policies and culture. Orientation provides commitment and awareness to patient focused care and customer service. This results to a sense of pride to the hospital. Orientation to regulatory and legal requirements provides a platform to get conversant with the healthcare environment. Improved Human resource and medical operations in surgical robotic systems allows for more precise performance of technical procedures, pre-programmed task and less hostile surgical procedures. Advanced medical technology through enhanced human resource will create an impact on the kind of medical care for different medical conditions in a period of time. According to Zender, (2011), improvements of biomaterials and robotics will radically change the processes by which illnesses are treated and

Development of Healthy Eating Habits

Development of Healthy Eating Habits Amanda Benicio de Sobral EATING HEALTHY AND GOOD HABITS INTRODUCTION This essay aims to discuss Healthy Eating Habits. The first part discusses about tips how to create and maintain good habits. Also this essay discusses about how you can eat more healthily easily. In the end, the conclusion talk about if is possible to change your habits. Methodology The information of this report is collected from various books and websites about healthy life. These books are written by James Clear, a famous behavioral psychology author and Georgie Moore who is a famous dietician. The most important reference in this essay is James Clear,a famous author who write about behavioral psychology, habit formation, and performance improvement. EATING HEALTHY AND GOOD HABITS According to a study conducted by the Brazilian scientist Andrà © Frazà £o Helene (2014) (professor of the Department of Physiology of the Institute of Biosciences of the University of Sà £o Paulo), fat and sugar, for instance, are rich sources of energy, fundamental for life A FEW GOOD TIPS ON HOW TO CREATE AND MAINTAIN GOOD HABITS In the guide Transform your Habits, by James Clear (year), there are a few precious tips on how to keep one loyal to their objectives: 1) Focus on the process, not the results. As a rule, people tend to rely on results to change their lives. Different results which will transform one overnight. Nonetheless, what seems really necessary is taking up better habits. By changing and sticking to these new habits day by day, the process of transformation becomes much easier to continue, and the results come in turn. Hence, prioritize daily decision making and develop strategies to make your habits and costumes healthier. 2) Rely on habits that are easy to take up At the beginning, think small. It is important to choose something that easily fits your routine. Next, choose a strategy to start this new habit in a way that it is easy enough that you have no excuses not to do it. Lets take Abdominal Crunch or Sit-ups as an example. A good plan could be to start with 2 sets a day. More important than the initial quantity is becoming someone constant in this new routine. 3) Easy-to-remember reminders for new habits Motivation and necessity to change are not directly related not always you will feel motivated to do something. It is actually related to remembering to do it. Therefore, create mental reminders to the habits to take up from now. Such reminders can be anything that triggers your will to put these new habits in practice. For instance, linking the commercials on TV to your time to exercise might be a good idea. 10 GOOD STEPS TO EAT MORE HEALTHILY EASILY 1. Unprocessed FoodAccording to 12WBT dietitian Georgie Moore, there are various downsides of packaged / processed foods, such as high quantities of preservatives, colourings and added chemicals. Packaged foods tend to be higher in fat, salt and sugar than food cooked from scratch, while lacking nutrients and fibre, she states. The solution is to cook unprocessed foods such as lean meat, fresh vegetables, nuts and legumes, as well as organic eggs, milk and fruit. 2. Healthy Whole GrainsApart from containing more texture, whole grains contain considerably more fibre and nutrients than the standard refined ones.Brown rice, wholegrain pasta, quinoa and buckwheat are good examples of substitutes (Moore, 2012). 3. Change to Healthy Cooking MethodsThe simpler, the better. Try grilling, barbecuing, steaming the food. Also, there are good substitutes for the standard dressings and salt, such as balsamic for salad and herbs for refined salt. Pink salt is also a good healthy option (Bridges, 2017). 4. Eat Healthy Portion SizesA healthy dish must be balanced properly. The ideal balance must be a quarter of the food composed of lean protein, another quarter of low-GI carbohydrates, wholegrain carbohydrates, and the other half of vegetables and legumes (Moore, 2012). 5. Understand Healthy Eating-Out OptionsWhen eating out, one does not have to eat everything offered on the plate. A half portion can be asked, and the main course can also be substituted by an entrà ©e size dish, complemented by vegetables. In case you find the menu available online, a healthy meal can be chosen before you leave home. (Moore, 2012) 6. A Food Diary Will Help Your Healthy Eating HabitsKeeping track of what is eaten every day is another good strategy to control the intake of calories. Then, it is possible to analyze and decide on the best balance between the ingredients (Bridges, 2017). 7. Healthy Eating at Social EventsAlthough it is tempting to eat a considerable amount when in social events, if a healthy snack is eaten prior to the event, it will help control the hunger. Moreover, a healthier option at the buffet must be considered, filling the place just once (Bridges, 2017). 8. Plan Your Healthy ShoppingTakeaways are always an easy option when the fridge is empty. It is paramount to plan the shopping and stock healthy options in the pantry (Bridges, 2017). 9. Treats Can be Healthy TooEvery once in a while, we can treat ourselves. Once a week, decide on a meal where you can indulge yourself. It will help relieving the will to eat unhealthy foods, and will set up your calendar, avoiding these foods the rest of the week (Bridges, 2017). 10. Water: Natures Healthy DrinkDrink plenty of water. Water is crucial for a good digestion and for the elimination of waste, as well as paramount for the control of body temperature. According to the Australian Dietary Guidelines a healthy amount for men to drink is 2.6 litres per day and women should have 2.1 litres (or 8 to 10 cups per day). Who keeps a drinking bottle at all times is more likely to keep healthy (Crowe,2013). HEALTHY EATING PLATE The Healthy Eating Plate, created by nutrition experts at Harvard School of Public Health, provides detailed guidance, in a simple format, to help people make the best eating choices. Vegetables and Fruits -Should be  ½ of your plate Whole grains Should be  ¼ of your plate    Protein power Should be  ¼ of your plate. SURVEY ABOUT EATING HEALTHY Water According to teachers and students of Ailfe, water is the second most popular drink (behind soft drinks). Students and teachers are drinking enough water, besides, only one of them doesnt drink water. Vegetables Eating vegetables provides health benefits, but according to teachers and students of Ailfe, cook vegetables is difficult and spend a lot of time, that is why the results show that once a week is how many time they have vegetables. SURVEY ABOUT EATING HEALTHY 1) How many cups of water do you have per day? None à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚   2 cups à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚   4 or 6 cups of water à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚   More than 6 à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚   2)How many portions of vegetables do you have per week? None à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚   Once a week à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚   3 or 4 portions per week à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚   everyday à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚   3) How often do you eat whole grains? None à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚   Once a week à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚   3 or 4 times a week à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚   everyday à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚   4) How many portions of protein (meat, fish, eggs, milk) do you have per day? None à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚   1 portion à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚   2 portion à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚   3 or more portion à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚   5) How many portions of fruits do you have per day? None à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚   1 portion à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚   2 portion à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚   3 or more portion à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚   CONCLUSION In conclusion, although the world is becoming faster and our routines gradually busier with the globalized life, people can still eat healthy foods without much effort. There must be determination and discipline enough, but where there is a will, there is a way. Developing strategies to create new habits, focusing on daily eating practices, anyone is able to improve life quality without arduous dedication. There is always possibility to change, and change for better. THE REFERENCE LIST Kedouk, M. (2014). Changing Habits: A Science Explains Why Its So Difficult. Retrieved from http://boaforma.abril.com.br/estilo-de-vida/mudanca-de-habito-a-ciencia-explica-por-que-e-tao-dificil/ Clear, J. (2013): Transform your habits. Retrieve from https://www2.usgs.gov/humancapital/ecd/mentoringreadinglist/TransformYourHabits.pdf

The House on Mango Street Cultural Values :: House Mango Street

The House on Mango Street Cultural Values Sandra Cisneros' strong cultural values greatly influence The House on Mango Street. Esperanza's life is the medium that Cisneros uses to bring the Latin community to her audience. The novel deals with the Catholic Church and its position in the Latin community. The deep family connection within the barrio also plays an important role in the novel. Esperanza's struggle to become a part of the world outside of Mango Street represents the desire many Chicanos have to grow beyond their neighborhoods. Religion holds a powerful position in the lives of Latinos. It provides a built in censor of right and wrong in the form of extreme guilt (Aranda 150). The chapter "A Rice Sandwich" divulges the way guilt is established. Here Esperanza wants to eat at the canteen for lunch, but the nuns just insult her, and this makes her cry. She says they were "...pointing to a row of three ugly flats, the one the raggedy men are ashamed to go into. Yes...though I knew that wasn't my house" (Cisneros 45). The fact that her victimizers were nuns made her even more embarrassed about where she lived than she already was. Family can either be a brick of foundation or a wrecking ball in the Chicano world. Cisneros says, "We're very family centered, and that family extends to the whole Raza" (Aranda 150). Throughout Mango Street Esperanza's family is a brick of foundation. Esperanza's best friend is her sister. She also has fun at her aunt's expense, and she inherits her grandmother's first name. This inheritance symbolizes the strong family bond of Latinos in their effort to keep the family names alive. Esperanza dreams of someday having a satisfying life. She doesn't want her path of freedom to be cleared by having a baby or finding a husband. She has no desires to fall into the trap of dependency. As the author writes, "Her power is her own. She will not give it away" (Cisneros 89).

Global honors Essay

The flag of Mali consists of three equal sized vertical stripes ,the left stripe is green; the middle is yellow; and the right stripe is red. The green stripe signifies hope, yellow symbolizes purity and wealth and red symbolizes the force and the struggles of the heroes of independence.The Mali flag was created on March 1, 1961. Mali gained independence from France on September 22, 1960. The first flag of Mali was adopted on April 4, 1959, when French Sudan and Senegal formed the Mali Federation. Senegal left in August, 1960 and the flag was changed in 1961. The flag of Senegal is similar to Mali’s except it has a star in the middle of it. The flags were based on the French flag, except Pan African colors were used. The colors were also those of the African Democratic Rally which was the political party who led the fight for independence. The black kanaga has been the crowning feature of the flag of Mali together with the tricolors until the kanaga was taken out on March 1, 1961. The Muslim pressured the goverment to take out the images in the flag , they did not approve of making images of the human shape.†Flag of Mali.† à ¢Ã‚€Â“ Malian Flags History, Meaning, Image & Symbol. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Oct. 2012. . Mali’s flag colors are vibrant green, yellow, and green. How do these colors represent nationalism? Well the green in the flag symbolizes hope , Hope means to have a desire or wish and to wait in eager anticipation for it to be fulfilled. In addiction, hope is having confidence, expectation and belief in others and things. SInce the Goverment have hope in confidence in everyone, the people also have hope in the goverment and themselves which makes their country tighter.The yellow significes purity and wealth. If Mali’s country have purity (cleanliness) and florishes in wealth , I think everyone in Mali wouldnt want to leave. Mali became wealthy by trade, rules, and the army.The red on the flag represent the force and the struggles of the heroes of independence.In the French constitutional of 1958, French Sudan voted to join the French Community as the Sudanese Republic. In 1959 the republic joined Senegal to form the Mali Federation, but political differences interupted the union in 1960. That same year, the Sudanese Republic, renamed the Republic of Mali, obtained full independence from France and severed ties with the French Community.†Independence and Beyond.†Ã‚  Infoplease.Infoplease,n.d.Web.16Oct.2012. http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/world/A0859453.html. The country of Mali means alot to their people , their hope, purity, wealth, and bloodshed to get indepence from france is what makes the people have nationalism and beleive in their country.

Free Essays on Red Badge Of Courage

Henry’s Greatest Failure: Fleeing From Battle The trials of war force young men to make decisions that they may not be ready to make. In Stephen Crane’s Red Badge of Courage, Henry is faced with many challenges. Many elements of his manhood are challenged. Some of those elements are courage, bravery, and integrity. Fleeing from war because of his fear for his life and leaving a tattered soldier whom he hardly knew were his hardest challenges. Henry’s greatest moral error is his flight from battle because running away from a war is much more cowardly than leaving the tattered soldier to his death. When the rebel forces were charging the union forces, many of the northern fighters had second thoughts about fighting. They had battled hard the previous day and they had their minds set on resting for a while before clashing with the rebels again. Henry observed other soldiers running from the battle as he was watching the fight break out. As was quoted about one young man running, â€Å"There was a revelation. He too threw down his gun and fled. There was no shame in his face. He ran like a rabbit† (Crane 32). While he was running wildly towards the back of the pack â€Å"like a proverbial chicken† (Crane 32), other men were standing their ground and fighting. The commitment of joining the army is to give your life for the cause of the war. Instead of staying and fighting with his fellow brothers of war, he fled the battle and left them all to die. When Henry found out that the union army had held their position, he was â€Å"amazed and angry. He felt that he had been wronged† (Crane 35). He knew what he had done was wrong, and now he felt bad about it because his fellow fighters that had stayed held off the rebel attack. He did not want to think about it in this way though. He thought that he did his job by saving his own life. â€Å"He had considered the time, he said, to be one in which it was the duty of ever... Free Essays on Red Badge Of Courage Free Essays on Red Badge Of Courage Henry’s Greatest Failure: Fleeing From Battle The trials of war force young men to make decisions that they may not be ready to make. In Stephen Crane’s Red Badge of Courage, Henry is faced with many challenges. Many elements of his manhood are challenged. Some of those elements are courage, bravery, and integrity. Fleeing from war because of his fear for his life and leaving a tattered soldier whom he hardly knew were his hardest challenges. Henry’s greatest moral error is his flight from battle because running away from a war is much more cowardly than leaving the tattered soldier to his death. When the rebel forces were charging the union forces, many of the northern fighters had second thoughts about fighting. They had battled hard the previous day and they had their minds set on resting for a while before clashing with the rebels again. Henry observed other soldiers running from the battle as he was watching the fight break out. As was quoted about one young man running, â€Å"There was a revelation. He too threw down his gun and fled. There was no shame in his face. He ran like a rabbit† (Crane 32). While he was running wildly towards the back of the pack â€Å"like a proverbial chicken† (Crane 32), other men were standing their ground and fighting. The commitment of joining the army is to give your life for the cause of the war. Instead of staying and fighting with his fellow brothers of war, he fled the battle and left them all to die. When Henry found out that the union army had held their position, he was â€Å"amazed and angry. He felt that he had been wronged† (Crane 35). He knew what he had done was wrong, and now he felt bad about it because his fellow fighters that had stayed held off the rebel attack. He did not want to think about it in this way though. He thought that he did his job by saving his own life. â€Å"He had considered the time, he said, to be one in which it was the duty of ever... Free Essays on Red Badge Of Courage RED BADGE OF COURAGE Red Badge of Courage Physical and emotional pain is what the tattered solider illustrates in the book. The tattered solider pain comes from all of the horrible things associated with war. Him going crazy brings emotional pain and the physical pain is brought on by the endu rances of war. "There was a tattered man, fouled with dust, blood and powder stain from hair to shoes, who trudged quietly at the youths side". The tattered solider also characterizes the toughness people can endear. Even through the harshness of war people will find something inside of them, overcome it and not let it bother them. The tattered solider goes out and lives through the tough endurance's of war but he finds something inside of him to live through it. The perfect solider is what Jim Conklin brings to the book. Jim never complains about war and fights as good as the next man. Many of the people look up to Jim because he is so strong willed. The regiments almost look up to Jim in a spiritual way find ing peace inside of them when they think of him. It is a tragedy when Jim dies because of all of the moral inspiration he gave the regiment. True to his character Jim dies a quiet and peaceful death not distributing any of the regiment. Wilson represents the two sides of human nature. In the beginning of the book Wilson is a mean tough guy that no one liked. This outward act of being tuff is just a cover of the true nature of Wilson. It is natural for people to cover their true natur e in front of new faces. Towards the end of the book Wilson starts to care about Henry. hen Henry is injured and he doesn't try and fight the other men anymore. True to human nature once times start getting more difficult and Wilson becomes more comforta ble with his surroundings he transcends into the calm compassionate person he really is. All of the characters in the Red Badge of Courage represent some aspect of man either physically or emotionally...

The History and Domestication of Goats

The History and Domestication of Goats Goats (Capra hircus) were among the first domesticated animals, adapted from the wild bezoar ibex Capra aegargus in western Asia. Bezoar ibexes are native to the southern slopes of the Zagros and Taurus mountains, and evidence shows that the goat descendants spread globally, playing an important role in the advancement of Neolithic agricultural technology where they were taken. Beginning between 10,000-11,000 years ago, Neolithic farmers in the Near East starting keeping small herds of ibexes for their milk and meat, and for their dung for fuel, as well as for materials for clothing and building: hair, bone, skin, and sinew. Today over 300 breeds of goats exist on our planet, living on every continent except Antarctica and in a quite astonishing range of environments, from human tropical rain forests to dry hot desert regions and cold, hypoxic high altitude regions. Because of this variety, the domestication history was a bit obscure until the development of DNA research. Where Goats Originated Domestication in goats has been recognized archaeologically by the presence and abundance of the animal into regions that were well beyond western Asia, by perceived changes in their body size and shape (called morphology), by differences in demographic profiles in wild and domestic groups, and by stable isotope recognition of their dependence on year-round fodders. Archaeological data suggested two distinct places of domestication: the Euphrates river valley at Nevali Çori, Turkey (11,000 years ago [bp], and the Zagros Mountains of Iran at Ganj Dareh (10,000 bp). Other possible sites of domestication posed by archaeologists included the Indus Basin in Pakistan at (Mehrgarh, 9,000 bp), central Anatolia the southern Levant, and China. Divergent Goat Lineages Studies on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences (Luikart et al) indicate there are four highly divergent goat lineages today. Luikart and colleagues suggested that means either there were four domestication events, or there is a broad level of diversity that was always there in the bezoar ibex. A study by Gerbault and colleagues supported Luikarts findings, suggesting the extraordinary variety of genes in modern goats arose from one or more domestication events from the Zagros and Taurus mountains and the southern Levant, followed by interbreeding and continued development in other places. A study on the frequency of genetic haplotypes (basically gene variation packages) in goats by Nomura and colleagues suggests that it is possible there may have been a southeast Asian domestication event as well, but its also possible that during the transport to southeast Asia via the steppe region of central Asia, goat groups developed extreme bottlenecks, resulting in fewer variations. Goat Domestication Processes Makarewicz and Tuross looked at stable isotopes in goat and gazelle bones from two sites on either side of the Dead Sea in Israel: Middle Pre-Pottery Neolithic B (PPNB) site of Abu Ghosh and the Late PPNB site of Basta. They showed that gazelles (used as a control group) eaten by the occupants of the two sites maintained a consistently wild diet, but goats from the later Basta site had a significantly different diet than goats from the earlier site. The main difference in the oxygen and nitrogen stable isotopes of the goats suggests that Basta goats had access to plants that were from a wetter environment than that near where they were eaten. That was likely the result of either the goats being herded to a wetter environment during some part of the year  or that they were provisioned by fodder from those locations. That indicates that people were managing goats in so far as moving them from pasture to pasture and/or providing fodder by as early as 8000 cal BC; and that was likely part of a process that began earlier still, perhaps during the early PPNB (8500-8100 cal BC), coinciding with reliance on plant cultivars. Important Goat Sites Important archaeological sites with evidence for the initial process of goat domestication include Cayà ¶nà ¼, Turkey (8500-8000 BC), Tell Abu Hureyra, Syria (8000-7400 BC), Jericho, Israel (7500 BC), and Ain Ghazal, Jordan (7600-7500 BC). Sources Fernndez H, Hughes S, Vigne J-D, Helmer D, Hodgins G, Miquel C, Hnni C, Luikart G, and Taberlet P. 2006. Divergent mtDNA lineages of goats in an Early Neolithic site, far from the initial domestication areas. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 103(42):15375-15379.Gerbault P, Powell A, and Thomas MG. 2012. Evaluating demographic models for goat domestication using mtDNA sequences. Anthropozoologica 47(2):64-76.Luikart G, Gielly L, Excoffier L, Vigne J-D, Bouvet J, and Taberlet P. 2001. Multiple maternal origins and weak phylogeographic structure in domestic goats. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 98:5927-5932.Makarewicz C, and Tuross N. 2012. Finding Fodder and Tracking Transhumance: Isotopic Detection of Goat Domestication Processes in the Near East. Current Anthropology 53(4):495-505.Naderi S, Rezaei H-R, Pompanon F, Blum MGB, Negrini R, Naghash H-R, Balkiz Ãâ€", Mashkour M, Gaggiotti OE, Ajmone-Marsan P et al. 2008. The goat domestication process inferr ed from large-scale mitochondrial DNA analysis of wild and domestic individuals. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 105(46):17659-17664. Naderi S, Rezaei H-R, Taberlet P, Zundel S, Rafat S-A, Naghash H-R, El-Barody MAA, Ertugrul O, Pompanon F, and for the Econogene C. 2007. Large-Scale Mitochondrial DNA Analysis of the Domestic Goat Reveals Six Haplogroups with High Diversity. PLoS ONE 2(10):e1012.Nomura K, Yonezawa T, Mano S, Kawakami S, Shedlock AM, Hasegawa M, and Amano T. 2013. Domestication Process of the Goat Revealed by an Analysis of the Nearly Complete Mitochondrial Protein-Encoding Genes. PLoS ONE 8(8):e67775.Vahidi SMF, Tarang AR, Naqvi A-u-N, Falahati Anbaran M, Boettcher P, Joost S, Colli L, Garcia JF, and Ajmone-Marsan P. 2014. Investigation of the genetic diversity of domestic Capra hircus breeds reared within an early goat domestication area in Iran. Genetics Selection Evolution 46(1):27.Zeder MA. 2001. A Metrical Analysis of a Collection of Modern Goats (Capra hircus aegargus and C. h. hircus) from Iran and Iraq: Implications for the Study of Caprine Domestication. Journal of Archaeological Science 28 (1):61-79. Zeder MA, and Hesse B. 2000. The Initial Domestication of Goats (Capra hircus) in the Zagros Mountains 10,000 Years Ago.Science 287:2254-2257.

Reader Response Criticism of Let America be America Again and Harlem(A Essay

Reader Response Criticism of Let America be America Again and Harlem(A dream deferred) by Langston Hughes - Essay Example When he mentions â€Å"America never was America to me† (p.189,Line 5) what he means that African Americans are also part of the freedom struggle of America and their contribution is not less than the white race, and yet freedom does not free them in the real sense. They face discrimination at every turn of their existence and their actions are being judged. The second battle is tougher than the earlier one, because it is the attack on their sentimental world and essential dignity of their efforts to live with honor. No writer or poet can sweep under the carpet one’s real life experiences and they are bound to find reflection in the writings. Similar is the case with Hughes, and he candidly admits it. He experiences the trauma of segregation and the type of inhuman treatments being meted out to the blacks. He lives to see the changes that engulf the American social and cultural scenario as slavery is banned; all types of racial acts and slurs are legally forbidden and a ll citizens are equal on all counts. But legal protection is just one part of the story. Hughes makes a fervent appeal for total freedom in the real sense of the term. He writes â€Å"But opportunity is real, and life is free, Equality is in the air we breathe†. ... One feels secured under such conditions and has something to look forward to in life. How does this poem make you feel about America? Langston Hughes (Born: 1-2-1902: Died: 22-5-1967) would have been happy to observe things taking shape for the better with each passing day, for the African American race. Recollection of the bitter past becomes tolerable when the present states of affairs are sound. This poem sets me thinking, how fortunate I am to have been born and live in the present period. My heart goes out to the ancestors of the African Americans who suffer untold miseries, physical punishments and mental torture, denial of education and they are compelled to confront all the negativities that one can think of. The present African American generation must be proud of what they are able to accomplish and progress they are making in all walks of life. In short, this poem is like a powerful current that creates great vibrations in my heart. It is inspiring and evocative. My story of struggle in America My story of struggle to establish in America is somewhat similar, if not as grim as that of the race to which Langston Hughes belongs. My parents immigrate to America from India in the 1980s to settle in New York City. I am the first generation Indian American of my family to be born and to take college education in New Jersey. My parents have the problem of getting used to the American accent and language and assimilation with the co-workers is a tough asking and honorable survival is not all that easy. They learn the English language literally from the scratch. Being exposed to the popular culture of America, I grow up as an

Public health Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 25

Public health - Essay Example Vaccines develop the tendency in the body to resist infections, and bring an overall improvement into the immune system of the body against the particular types of infections. In the past, one would frequently hear the news of someone losing life because of malaria, but today, in the omnipresence of vaccinations, such news is no more heard. I agree that participatory evaluation is inclusive of all kinds of stakeholders that a project has. This includes the people who are establishing the standards for evaluation, the people who are actually carrying it out, the people who are arranging and organizing it, the individuals responsible to retrieve information from the experts and professionals from academia and industry, the people for whom the evaluations are conducted, and the people who help convey the results of the evaluations to the concerned departments. Participatory evaluation is essentially a teamwork that requires input from all stakeholders to reach the conclusions. In effect, a holistic effort is made to obtain objective

Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 83

Essay Example Knowledge of organizational behavior empowers managers to understand employees’ emotions as well as reasons for employees’ behaviors for appropriate managerial decisions and practices that can control the behaviors and attitudes to achieve positive results. The knowledge can for example help a manager to understand reasons for employees’ rebellion towards development of a forum for identifying root cause of the problem for reconciliation. The knowledge of organizational behavior also facilitates understanding among employees by promoting tolerance to cultural and behavioral diversity. This is because it explains existence of such diversities and offers approaches for avoiding and managing diversity based conflicts. Employees’ understanding of an organization’s constructs also aligns their personal values and behavior to the organization’s policies, values, and expectations. Employees of an organization with established ethical values, for ins tance, adhere to the stipulated standards. Similarly, understanding an organization’s fundamental values and objectives identifies the organization’s appropriate structure for achieving the values and objective. An organization with diversified objectives such as provision of specialized but differentiated products would for example require a structure with line managers (Phillips and Gully 6). Knowledge of organizational behavior in an organization therefore aligns management practices, employees’ relations, and organizations’ structures to the organization’s environment and

The Early Explorers Journals Essay Example for Free

The Early Explorers Journals Essay Christopher Columbus and Samuel de Champlain were two of the most influential explorers in the history of the Americas. Columbus discovered the area near Caribbean Islands while Champlain explored the St. Lawrence Seaway. Their journals were very similar in the way they described what the two explorers saw. Yet they have some differences as well. There are some small differences that these two works carry. Columbus starts out each entry with the day that it began on. Like in the following passage, Monday Nov. 12th. They sailed from the port of the river (114). Champlain did not do it this way he simply stated facts from day to day. The way he writes it is like he is telling a story while Columbus is giving detailed information. The reason this was done may have something to do with the rulers that these two men were under. Columbus had to keep a detailed record for the ruler of Spain at the time. Champlain may not have had to do this being as Jacques Cartier had led an expedition through the same area for the French a few years earlier. The background of these two explorers definitely showed up in these journals. The two different time periods that Columbus and Champlain lived in also had an effect on their style of writing. Columbus expedition was around the time of 1492-1493, while Champlains was almost two hundred years later in 1608-1612. Columbus had to deal with a lot of natives in the West Indies that could not speak their native language. These natives also looked as the men of Columbus crew as gods sent from heaven. Champlain did not have it so easy. He had to deal with the Native American tribes of the great lakes area. These tribes, such as the Iroquois and the Huron, were sometimes not the best people to have to deal with. The Iroquois especially were not very friendly to the members of Champlains group. They were enemies of the Huron and the Huron were allies of the French. Before Champlain had to do battle with the Iroquois Columbus was worshiped by the natives of what is now present-day Cuba. He was able to give them glass beads in exchange for some very important items for his expedition. He was  able to get water and spices for the small glass beads. He was of course looking for what every Spanish explorer who sought out the natives of present day South America was looking for, gold. These two different journals were not all different however. They did have some similarities. In fact they have more in common than they have different from each other. The way nature is described in each journal is very similar. Columbus uses a very poetic style to describe the flora and fauna that he saw on his travels. Columbus describes the birds and trees that he sees in the tropical region very eloquently. Champlain uses this style as well to describe the nature that he saw along the St. Lawrence. He uses the same style in describing the forests and the deer that he encountered on his trip. This is just one of the many similarities that each journal has though. Besides the obvious comparison of sharing chronological time they share a same purpose. They were both meant to tell of their journeys. They tell them in a different way, but regardless they still tell of them. Columbus tells of his journeys through the Americas so that we may have an understanding of what he and his crew did during 1492. Champlain kept his for basically the same reason. These stories obviously became and vital piece of history. These stories also had another aspect in common; each man shared in some kind of a hardship. Columbus, in the Narrative of the Third Voyage talks about having a hard time getting to America. Champlain had an even rougher time in his second story. Champlain talks about being lost in the woods after hunting a bird that he followed. He gets lost and has to go through quite an ordeal to get back. Columbus also had many hardships to go through. He describes being stuck in a terrible place to be caught while sailing. The place he describes has not very much wind, it was very hot, and full of seaweed. These two definitely went through some tough times. Samuel de Champlain and Christopher Columbus wrote two very spectacular journals. They kept them perfectly and help the world see what exactly they  went through in their travels. Each of these men was an obviously very important figure, without Columbus who knows what would have happened in the Americas. Champlain also helped chart the area around the great lakes that was dominated by Native Americans at the time. Their journals should obviously be considered a vital piece of American Literature.

The Physics of the Human Voice Essay -- Biology Science Essays

The Physics of the Human Voice The voice is our primary mean of communication and expression. We rarely last more than a few minutes without its use whether it is talking to someone else or humming quietly to ourselves. We can use the voice artistically in many ways. For example, singing carries the rhythm and melody of speech. It creates patterns of pitch, loudness, and duration that tie together syllables, phrases and sentences. We use the voice for survival, emotion, expression, and to reflect our personality. The loss of the voice is a severe curtailment to many professions. It is affected by general body condition which is why we need to consider the location of the larynx and how that organ produces voice. Surprisingly, this complex biological design is mechanical in function. It is mechanical to the point that when it has been excised from a cadaver and mounted on a laboratory bench, the larynx produces sounds resembling normal phonation. (Titze, Principles) The larynx, known as the voice box, consists of an outer casing of nine cartilages that are connected to one another by muscles and ligaments. There are three unpaired cartilages and six paired. The unpaired cartilages include the thyroid, cricoid, and epiglottis. The thyroid cartilage is the largest and better known as the Adam’s apple. The cricoid cartilage is the most inferior cartilage of the larynx which forms the base of the larynx on which the other cartilages rest. Together, the thyroid and cricoid cartilages maintain an open passageway for air movement. The epiglottis and vestibular folds, or false vocal chords, prevent swallowed material from moving into the larynx. The paired cartilages, accounting for the remaining six, include the arytenoid (ladl... ...rynx for speech. Anatomy is very important when considering the physics of the voice. Much of the head, neck, and chest play an important role in sound production. Although the larynx is biological it is very mechanical in function. Mechanical means that we study objects in motion and the associated forces that produce that motion. The same three universal laws made famous by Sir Isaac Newton apply to the voice. The larynx can then become a nonbiological sound source. When compared to other instrument made by human hands the voice is not ideal in structure. Tissues found in the human body do not vibrate as easily or as predictably as the strings of a piano or the reed of a clarinet. One can speculate that our bodies are still evolving to create a sound more conducive in structure. Considering all that we can do with our voices, I doubt we will hear much complaining.

Impact of Social Media Essay

What is the media? The media is â€Å"the means of communication, as radio and television, newspapers, and magazines, that reach or influence people widely. † (Media, Dictionary. com). In other words the media is every thing that communicates something. TV shows, commercials, ads, and movies are all part of the media. Once the internet got more accessible, the birth of another kind of media happened: Social media. Social media is â€Å"Web sites and other online means of communication that are used by large groups of people to share information and to develop social and professional contacts. Anything that can be used to connect with others to hear or state opinion will fall under the social media category. Anything from a blog with fascist and racist views to club penguin account is social media. Everywhere you look there is a form of media around you. Nowadays the media has gained lots of power over peoples thoughts and ideas. Especially the thoughts of young pre teens who haven’t had a chance to form opinions of their own. Now if the media uses the hold it has for good or for bad, it all depends on how you look at it. There are particular kinds of media that certainly wouldn’t be considered â€Å"quality media†. For example trashy tabloid magazines covering Lindsay Lohan’s newest scandal. That’s definitely something that would have a negative impact on a young developing mind. The media can have a great negative impact on children under the age of 14 if they aren’t being exposed to â€Å"quality media or good role models†. Turn on the TV. Bright white teeth, expensive cars, revealing clothes, skinny girls, buff guys lathered in the best of the best. All engaged in promiscuous taboo behaviors. Those are the usual images that you’ll be exposed to within the first few minutes. Not just on the shows, but the commercials as well. â€Å"According to the Center for a New American Dream, children and teens are exposed to over 25,000 ads in a year, and companies spend over $17 billion a year on marketing toward children and teens. † (S. Zeiger 1). 25,000 ads containing what? Chances are, nothing educational. The media promotes â€Å" attractiveness† but what is attractiveness?. To the media its skinny. â€Å"The Media, Body Image and Eating Disorders paper by the National Eating Disorders Association says that over 70 percent of articles on weight loss in teen magazines claimed attractiveness as a reason for needing to lose weight. The association also notes that at least one out of every four advertisements sends a message about attractiveness. † This negatively impacts young female minds because they grow up having a media created view on beauty. They think that to be considered attractive they must be skinny and when they are not at the media’s ideal weight they begin to feel ugly and put themselves down. If women feel bigger than they are, they are more likely to want to lose weight or develop an If women feel bigger than they are, they are more likely to want to lose weight or develop an eating disorder. The same discussion argues that, in addition to giving females a reason or desire to be smaller the media has other effects on females: Ads persuade females that wrong eating habits are right. Girls feel as if they don’t have what everyone else has. The media makes girls think that those with ideal body images have perfect lives. (S. Zieger 2) Young girls growing up thinking that they’re not good enough because of the media. The media also impacts young boys too. Big abs and clear skin if you don’t have it then you’re not living up the the medias standards. That leads many boys to have low confidence and a bad body image. â€Å"The media does not affect females alone. According to the Center on Media and Child Health, boys can also face lower self-esteem if they feel their bodies do not measure up to the idea of perfection presented by the media†. (S. Zeiger 3). The media also influences the way the pre teens dress. Plus, children begin to think that they have to wear the clothes and outfits that they see on television in order to fit in†(McGuire 1) This lowers the child’s self worth. If the child does not own what’s being shown on TV they begin to feel like they aren’t good enough, thus creating low self esteem. The media has a way of exposing brands and letting every one know what’s in and out and if you don’t have it well you’re out too. â€Å"The amount of advertising and number of impressions are a carefully orchestrated attempt to get your child hooked on their brand. What’s more, your child gets the message that they just can’t live without the product being pitched. † (McGuire 2). This also causes problems between the parent and the child. The child will constantly want and think it needs new things because of the media. Some parents less likely to give into the childs wants, creating animosity between the child and parent. The media also puts out a lot of stereotypes. A big stereotype that’s show a lot is the cookie cutter family. A mom, a dad, a brother, a sister, and a pet. According to the national kids count program 35% of kids live in a single parent household. When the â€Å"normal† family is presented to be something very far from a lot of childrens realities, it causes problems for the child’s self image. The media also portrays sex as something cool and fun. Sex, lots of it. That’s what you should be doing. That’s basically what the media says. â€Å"Plus, sexuality is glorified on television, in movies, and on the internet, and these impressions are indelibly imprinted on our child’s brain. † (McGuire 3). The media also has young teen depict the police as something negative. They often view the law as an enemy and think its cool to break it. This leads them to have a bad relationship with the law enforcement at an older age. â€Å"Violence and respect for the law. Much like sexuality, the amount of violence on television, video games, and movies is at an all-time high. This dangerous media influence can desensitize a child to the tragic outcomes often associated with this type of violence. Children can begin to see law enforcement officials as â€Å"the enemy† and treat them as such into their teenage years. † (McGuire 4). The media also messes with education. Surfing twitter in class and posting statuses during a test. All normal behavior in todays youth. This behavior badly impacting children and their grades. It is very common to see kids spit their homework and studying time with social media. All these bad habits take away from the child’s attention thus impacting the amount the child would learn or produce negatively. Social media also has affected relationships between peers. Social media puts the world at your fingertips. It gives you the power to say whatever you want. Sometimes even things you wouldn’t post in person. Social media gives you some sort of false protection, like you’re hiding behind your keyboard. Facilitating cyberbullying. â€Å"43% of teens aged 13 to 17 report that they have experienced some sort of cyberbullying in the past year. †(Internet Safety 101). Pornography has also come into very close reach for young teens. â€Å"7 out of 10 teens have come across pornography†(Internet Safety 101). This also distorts sexuality for young teens. Social media also stunts social development. If young teens are learning how to communicate through social media rather than in person this creates a social barrier of not knowing how to communicate in person. Then we get socially awkward youth glued to their phones. Also social media is a very different form of communication, it often leaves space for breaches and miscommunications. When you’re communicating with someone through social media you have no hints like body language and tone to guide you. Leading to more breaches in our relationships. All of these things can be socially deadly for a kid without any maternal or paternal guidance. However in the right hands social media can be more than a blessing, Social media can be used for so many things. It can be used to expand knowledge. There are various blogs, articles, chat rooms and websites all focused on providing knowledge. Young teens can look at all these various things in order to form an opinion on it. Take politics, a teen can surf through various blogs, chat with various people in order to form their opinion on it. They can visit the old forms of media as well like magazines, papers, radios, and books. Social media is also there for a teen to leave their opinions, or their mark on the generation. â€Å"â€Å"Certain technical skills in the coming years are not going to be just about consuming media,† she says. â€Å"It is also going to be about producing media. It is not just about writing a blog, but also how to leave comments that say something. Learning to communicate like this is contributing to the general circulation of culture. †Ã¢â‚¬ (L. Tripp). Social media provides grounds for youth to learn the new norms of communication. Social media also provides people that because of distance normally would never be able to communicate a way to share ideas. Take the london riots for example. Thousands of british people gathered in london boroughs in order to riot. How did they manage to get the word around? BBM. Blackberry messenger. A form of social media that is like text messaging but instead of a number its a pin. BBM impacted this so much that they dubbed the riots BBM riots. The london riots are only one example of the many ways social media has aided in people this fast paced world. For younger kids however social media still provides access to information. â€Å"How media can benefit children: social benefits – for example, joining online clubs such as Club Penguin or Skoodle which teach children strategies for effectively and safely using social networking sites, or playing computer games with friends and family. †(Raising Children 1) On sites like Club penguin young teens can learn how to communicate and work together all in a controlled environment. Skooville is another site like Club penguin. It allows young minds to flourish and learn new things but in a safe monitored environment. Sites like those are a good way for a young teen to expand their social skills without having to fear being exposed to things they or their parents want them to see. You can use the media to follow a good role model. There are many role models who are very active in social media. Seeing what they’re up too is a great way to learn and be engaged without any consequences. You can follow them on twitter or research them or read about them in the paper or magazine. Its a great way to be involved. Many young teens are influenced by a role model â€Å"Teenagers can develop their: values through observing good role models in the media†(Raising children 2) Role models are a great way to get new ideas or to look at for inspiration. But what is a good models â€Å"Good role models are people or characters who are doing things or behaving in ways that you wouldn’t mind your child copying or that you would like your child to copy. †(Raising children 3). So if a TV network or show has things that you want your child to copy they are a good influence. Good programs and tv networks can be beneficial in more than one way. Good programing can influence children to practice good behaviors. †Deciding what is â€Å"good† : Movies and TV programs can also be a good way to expose your child to diversity, especially ethnic diversity. It will provide them with knowledge without the constant fear of crude explicit things. A sheltered explanation of things. The world is constantly evolving and social media is a great way for teens to stay up to date with the various changes in the world. Social media is also great for following big news it gives teens a chance to feel connected and in the know with one touch of a button. Social media also helps a lot of shy teens who need support from online communities. It allows kids with unique interests to find each other in this humongous world and share their thoughts and ideas. Sites like Edmodo give teachers the power to communicate with their students easily through social media. sites like that facilitate the student teacher relationship expanding the classroom. With all its pros and cons social networking will continue to impact young teens daily. A lot of it is inevitable in this day and age because the media is literally everywhere. But it depends alot on how the media is used. If it is used for good then it will have a positive influence and a good impact. But if its misused or without the pooper guides or without strong support it can create a irreversible impact. The media will impact young teens in both ways but its up to them to discern what information is good and what isn’t. what habits are good and what habits they should probably trash. When you try to shelter kids too much you don’t let them learn for themselves and become their own person it can hurt them more than any scheme the media can pull.

Banned Books Essay

Throughout history, books have been the target of censorship. At times, these books are even banned from schools and public libraries because the content in them is thought to be too offensive. For this assignment, you will be reading one of these banned books. Which book you read is your decision, however you should keep in mind the appropriateness of your choice- make sure it is a book that your parents would not find objectionable. After you have read the book, you will be writing a persuasive essay defending whether or not the book should or should not be banned from a middle school library. Your essay should include a paragraph that summarizes the book as well as three logical, defendable reasons why the book should or should not be banned from a middle school library. While you may look up the reasons why the book has been challenged in the past, the thoughts expressed in the paper must be your own. You are expected to use the information about persuasive essays learned in class to format this paper. A rubric outlining the expectations will be posted on my Teacher Page. Your essay must be typed and follow the standard requirements for an essay: double-spaced, Times New Roman, one-inch margins. Any secondary sources or research that you use must be documented with in-text citations and included on a Works Cited page. If, at any time, you have questions regarding the book you are reading or the essay you are writing, please ask me.

Cherry orchard vs. endgame essays

Cherry orchard vs. endgame essays Three men: a Greek philosopher, a Russian playwright, and an Irish man who speaks English but writes in French (kind of absurd isnt it?) are standing in line at a vending machine. The Greek philosopher, upon realizing that he doesnt have any quarters, turns to the others in line and asks, Can either of you change a five? The Russian playwright and the native Irishman, who now lives in Paris where he writes in French and then painstakingly translates his works into English by himself (what is this guys deal?), look at each other pensively for a moment and then say, No. Get it? In both Anton Chekhovs The Cherry Orchard and Samuel Becketts Endgame there is a complete lack of change in any of the characters lives. Under normal circumstances this lack of one of the most important elements of theatre would result in two plays that are utterly worthless and simply not deserving of the effort that one would expend while reading them. However, these are not normal circumstances, and these are certainly not your everyday, average playwrights. In both plays, the absence of any change is a deliberate choice that each author has made. In The Cherry Orchard the characters simply refuse to accept that the world around them is changing, and therefore never undergo any changes themselves while in Endgame Beckett uses numerous ambiguous elements to simply prevent any change from being achievable. Chekhovs manifests the absence of change in The Cherry Orchard through the characters simple refusal to change. The dialogue in the beginning of the play informs the reader that the Cherry Orchard and the estate must be sold because of Lyubov Andreevna Ranevskayas and the rest of the familys inability to pay their debts. From this simple circumstance the reader can infer that Ranevskaya was once wealthy but no longer is. This leads to another important factor of the p...

guernica essays

guernica essays On April 27th, 1937, unprecedented atrocities are perpetrated on behalf of Franco against the civilian population of a little Basque village of Guernica in northern Spain. Chosen for bombing practice by Hitler's new war machine, the little city is pounded with high explosives and incendiary bombs for over three hours. Townspeople are cut down as they run from the crumbling buildings. Guernica burns for three days. Sixteen hundred civilians are killed or wounded. This powerful painting captures Picasso's horror at the brutal destruction that man commits against man. This monumental work tells the story. Guernica, painted by Pablo Picasso in 1937, is a cubist work depicting the evils of war. It is clear that Picasso abhorred war, and all its aggregates. The mural stands eleven feet tall and is twenty-six feet in length. The immense size of this painting aids in portraying the monumental effect of war on the people of Spain. Using a monochromatic template, Picasso adds to this effect by creating an eerie and dark mood to reflect the tragedy of war. He uses only grays in his painting, and includes areas of only black and white. Picasso deliberately distorts the proportion of the animals and figures he has created. They look almost like something from a nightmare. When I see this painting I look from left to right, seeing first an image of a woman mourning the loss of her newborn baby. Above her is the head of a bull, representing Spain. As I pan across the work, a horse trampling the body of a fallen warrior is shown. A ghost it seems holds a candle to light the scene, but light only shines to the right. Following the light is a woman struggling to walk. To the far right is a person screaming at the end of a dark hall. Picasso has drawn teeth-like figures on the hall to give it the appearance of a mouth. As I look at this painting, I feel I get a real sense of war. It seems that you could look for hours and still have more to see. ...

Writing a Research Paper Using Color-Coded Index Cards

Writing a Research Paper Using Color-Coded Index Cards A research paper is primarily a discussion or argument based on a thesis, which includes evidence from several collected sources. While it may seem like a monumental project to write a research paper, it is really a straightforward process that you can follow, step by step. Before you get started, make sure you have plenty of note paper, several multi-colored highlighters, and a pack of multi-colored index cards. You should also read over the checklist for research ethics  before you begin, so you dont head down the wrong path! Organizing your Research Paper Youll use the following steps to complete your assignment. 1. Select a topic2. Find sources3. Take notes on colored index cards4. Arrange your notes by topic5. Write an outline6. Write a first draft7. Revise and re-write8. Proofread Library Research Become familiar with the services and layout of the library. There will be a card catalog and computers for database searches, but you dont need to tackle those alone. There will be library personnel on hand to show you how to use these resources. Dont be afraid to ask! Select a Research Paper Topic Once you narrow your choices to a specific subject area, find three specific questions to answer about your topic. A common mistake by students is to choose a final topic that is too general. Try to be specific: What is tornado alley? Are certain states really more likely to suffer from tornadoes? Why? One of your questions will turn into a thesis statement, after you do a little preliminary research to find theories to answer to your questions. Remember, a thesis is a statement, not a question. Find Sources Use the card catalog or computer database in the library to locate books. (See Sources to Avoid.) Find several books that seem to be relevant to your topic. There will also be a periodical guide in the library. Periodicals are publications issued on a regular basis, like magazines, journals, and newspapers. Use a search engine to find a list of articles relating to your topic. Make sure to find articles in periodicals that are located in your library. (See How to Find an Article.) Sit at your work table and scan through your sources. Some titles can be misleading, so you’ll have some sources that don’t pan out. You can do a quick read over the materials to determine which ones contain useful information. Taking Notes As you scan your sources, you will begin to zero in on a thesis. Several sub-topics will also begin to emerge. Using our tornado topic as an example, a sub-topic would be the Fujita Tornado Scale. Start taking notes from your sources, using color coding for the sub-topics. For instance, all information referring to the Fujita Scale would go on orange note cards. You may find it necessary to photocopy articles or encyclopedia entries so you can take them home. If you do this, use the highlighters to mark the useful passages in the relevant colors. Every time you take a note, be sure to write down all bibliographical information to include author, book title, article title, page numbers, volume number, publisher name and dates. Write this information on each and every index card and photocopy. This is absolutely critical! Arrange Your Notes by Topics Once you have taken color-coded notes, you will be able to sort your notes more easily. Sort the cards by colors. Then, arrange by relevance. These will become your paragraphs. You may have several paragraphs for each sub-topic. Outline Your Research Paper Write an outline, according to your sorted cards. You may find that some of the cards fit better with different â€Å"colors† or sub-topics, so simply re-arrange your cards. That’s a normal part of the process. Your paper is taking shape and becoming a logical argument or position statement. Write a First Draft Develop a strong thesis statement and introductory paragraph. Follow through with your sub-topics. You may find that you don’t have enough material, and you may need to supplement your paper with additional research. Your paper may not flow very well on the first try. (This is why we have first drafts!) Read it over and re-arrange paragraphs, add paragraphs, and omit information that doesn’t seem to belong. Keep editing and re-writing until you’re happy. Create a bibliography from your note cards. (See citation makers.) Proofread When you think you are happy with your paper, proof read! Make sure it is free of spelling, grammatical, or typographical errors. Also, check to make sure you’ve included every source in your bibliography. Finally, check the original instructions from your teacher to make sure you are following all assigned preferences, like title page directions and placement of page numbers.

Summarize William Paley's argument Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Summarize William Paley's argument - Essay Example He illustrates this through an examination of a watch. While taking a leisurely walk and one finds a stone and a watch on the ground, an examiner may be curious about those objects. He may think that the stone had been there forever because it was nature’s design, but the watch may have been there due to human intervention. This may get him to focus on the watch, which is a far more valuable thing than the insignificant stone. The watch, so carefully designed, had been created with a specific purpose, and being found on the ground may seem to be an unlikely circumstance since it does not belong there. Paley so meticulously describes each part of the watch to show that its interconnection with the other parts was intended, so that the whole system could work. Had one part stop working, then the whole thing would be worthless. In examining the watch, so many questions may come to mind, such as why it was created, who was behind the creation and for whom and for what purpose it w as created other than the obvious reason of telling time. Paley first argues that so much more can come out of one’s examination of the watch that it brings about more appreciation to the examiner. He may marvel at the genius behind its creation, taking notice that the creator is one of a kind to have crafted such a machine. He may even be humbled to know that he himself is unable to come up with a fraction of the idea of a watch! The existence whoever or whatever created that watch whether he is still living or have died in the distant past now becomes more concrete to Paley. On his second argument, he admits to the fallibility of the watch, that even with the best intentions of the creator to make it work efficiently at all times, it may still be vulnerable to defects. However, it does not lessen the examiner’s appreciation of such a gadget. He also argued that because of the intricate design of the watch there may be parts that could be missed in the examination, or parts that may still be in need of clarification as to its role in making the watch work. Not knowing about these details does not invalidate the examiner’s belief that all parts, including the unknown ones, work together harmoniously in contributing to the efficiency of the watch. Another argument Paley made was that the existence of the watch in the place found must have followed an order that caused it to land where it is which the watchmaker may not even be aware of. All the thinking that the examination of the watch entails can make the examiner wonder if it was placed there on purpose for him to think deeply, but Paley argues that it would be realized that there was no contrivance on that matter, but the curious nature of the watch’s existence in the particular situation was inherently bound to make one think deeply about it. Paley goes on to explain the â€Å"metallic nature† of the watch. No matter how overwhelming the watch and its inner workings is, i ts existence should just be accepted as a usual occurrence. Confident as the examiner may be with his knowledge of the world, examination of the watch may make him conclude that he does not and cannot know everything. Paley concludes that there are things in this world that the examiner will never know nor understand no matter how hard he tries, and he

Philosophy Compare Derrida and J.L. Austin's views on langauge Essay

Philosophy Compare Derrida and J.L. Austin's views on langauge - Essay Example Austin's ideas precede those of Derrida, and in many ways may be seen as the foundation that Derrida and his fellow post-structuralists seek to dismantle. The basis of Austin's ideas is that language can be divided between two broad categories. These are performative acts and performative utterances. Take the example that I have just stood on your toe. Two possible verbal reactions are possible. One, I say "I apologize for stepping on your toe". Alternatively, I might say "I am sorry for stepping on your toe". The first sentence is an example of a performative act: I have performed the 'act' of apologizing for stepping on your toe. The second sentence is not an act however - as I am just stating what I feel about stepping on your toe. I may be apologizing, but on the other hand I may not be - it may be just what I feel on the inside. This appears to be a very simple distinction, but from this basic premise, Austin moves into increasingly complex examinations of the structure of language in the form of acts/utterances. Essentially, the words that we use rely upon a whole series of other facts, realities, possibilities and assumptions in order for them to have meaning. For example, I say to you, "I am going to marry you tomorrow". In some ways this is a performative act - it is a direct statement of what I will do, as opposed to a feeling. However, the act definition depends upon a number of outside factors. It remains an act if we are both unmarried, if you the opposite gender from me, if we are both of age, if we live in a place where you can get a marriage license within 24 hours . . . . etc. But if either of us is already married, or perhaps we are already married, if we are the same gender etc. then the act becomes an utterance because there is no way of the act really occurring. From this start, Austin moves through a detailed examination of performance acts and utterances, and eventually uses his analysis to counter some of the very bases of all philosophy. One of his most important arguments is that the obsession of philosophy with whether something is "true" or "false" is in fact what he calls a "tyranny" (Austin, 1976). Because any statement depends upon the hierarchy of facts, realities, feelings that was outlined above, the idea that it can be easily categorized as "true" or false" is absurd. It all depends upon the overall environment within which the statement exists. Austin calls this "a dimension of assessment" (1976). While eventually Austin rejects the idea that all language can be divided between performative acts and utterances, the basic structure remains in place. A particular sentence is either an act or it is an utterance. This is what can be referred to as a Cartesian worldview of opposites. Derrida comes from a very different viewpoint. As the very title of his famous book suggests, he seeks to understand the world from the "margins" of philosophy. He seeks to philosophize from the point of view of what he calls both/and (Derrida, 1985). For Derrida the attempt to divide language into either/or reduces the situation through simplifying it. He finds it much more interesting if a word or sentence can be both an act and an utterance. Derrida works through a system of paradox in which the speaker, far from using words that reflect his intention, in fact has his intention determined by the words that he is using. This is the direct attack that Derrida lays against the ideas of